Recognizing the widespread consequence of persistent scam calls on consumers, regulators are firmly enacting new measures designed to curtail these harmful communications. Recent legislation and agency actions emphasize both tracing and penalizing perpetrators, while also empowering consumers with options to deter unwanted calls. This encompasses i

The emergence of 5G networks brings substantial enhancements in data rates and connectivity. Nevertheless, these advanced capabilities also present new vulnerabilities, particularly concerning the legacy Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) protocol. SS7 attacks can exploit weaknesses in this protocol to intercept sensitive user information, including cal